Literature Review
Literature Review on Decentralization
The
restructuring or reorganization of authority so that there is a system of
co-responsibility between institutions of governance at the central, regional
and local levels according to the principle of subsidiarity is called
decentralization. It has been increasing the overall quality and effectiveness
of the system of governance, while increasing the authority and capacities of
sub-national levels
K.P Andersson, C.C Gibson argued
about decentralization on their study named. “The politics of decentralized
natural resource Governance”. They explain, in contemporary democratic society,
and in governance, popular participation affects their lives is an indispensable
part. Universally, as a sustainable solution for local community that improve
service delivery, accommodate marginalized community in governing process and
allow citizens to participate in formulating and implementing the decisions,
development plans and policies, decentralized approaches have been adopted. The
apparent benefits of decentralization are bigger access to decision makers,
higher level of participation by various social groups in decision making and
accountability of decision makers
B Roche,
articulates about Decentralization on the study of “New Directions in
Community-based Research”. He argued, through decentralization process local
people are empowered directly, including civil society in planning and
implementing public programs and policies
Pandy and Rabbani enumerate
about people’s participation on their study named, “Good governance at the
grass-roots: evidence from Union Parishads in Bangladesh”. They illustrate, a requisite ingredient in
development activities is the participation by the local population because it assimilates
people’s experience, knowledge and commitments in the development process,
while upholding democratic values
E.S Zeemering
contended on People’s participation in his study on “Governing inter local
cooperation: city council interests and the implications for public
management”. He claimed, popular participation in the affairs of the local
government bodies are significantly increasing in an effective manner and
people are trying to make their presence felt and their voices heard. He added
that elected officials are involved and focus on efficiency in service delivery
and less concerned with fostering means of public participation because
people’s participation at the local level has remained controversial as of the
existence of the patron–client relationship in the rural society
Nasir Uddin enunciated
about people empowerment on his studies named “Empowerment through
participation in local governance: the case of Union Parishad in Bangladesh”.
He clarifies, at grassroots level, local government in Bangladesh has started
to exercise democratic and participatory governing processes for ensuring
empowerment. In planning, implementing and monitoring process, there are some
formal mechanisms of ensuring community participation. He added, civic participation
in local decision making takes place as the elected representative are supposed
to be accountable to the people for the money paid by the local citizens as
taxes and citizen might complain about their local government and the services
While these studies concentrated on the overall aspect of decentralization and People’s participation, there are clearly lack of studies to provide any model to explain as what factors contribute to Strengthening decentralization through people's participation in Local Government. Moreover, in Bangladesh no studies have previously focused any forms of enhancing decentralization through people’s participation in local government. Hence, this study focuses on decentralization through enhancing people’s participation at local government.
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