Leadership Skills of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Development of Bangladesh
Abstract
Bangladesh under the dynamic leadership of Sheikh Hasina is playing a significant role in regional and global peacekeeping activities. Given its geographical location, it has an added importance in the contemporary geopolitical context. It has immense potential for contributing to Southeast Asian peace process and thereby to the global harmony. Effective leadership and Governance at all levels in private, public and civil organizations are essential to achieve and to sustain effective administration, to achieve goals, to sustain quality and deliver first-rate services. The increasing complexities and requirements arising from the constant change in society, coupled with the constant push for higher levels of productivity, require effective and ethical leadership. Also, Bangladesh has now embarked on becoming a middle-income country by 2021 and a developed country by 2041. In the last ten years, Bangladesh has seen remarkable progress in all most all major economic, social, and human development indicators. This has been coupled with major infrastructural undertakings, massive digitization, and efforts to protect the environment, build resilience to natural disaster and climate change and ensure food security for the people. However, Good governance and effective-ethical leadership are the essential requirements for an organization to be considered successful in the eyes of all stakeholders which qualities are existing in sheikh Hasina's government .This paper deals with the essential qualities of effective leadership as well Leadership skills of Sheikh Hasina . Moreover it deals with the impacts of effective qualities of leadership on the implementation of principles of sustainable development.
Key
words: Leadership, Leadership Skills, Sheikh Hasina, Development,
Achievement, Recognition.
Contents
|
Serial No. |
Name of the chapter |
|
|
Abstract |
|
01. |
Chapter One- Introduction |
|
1.1 |
Background of the Study |
|
1.2 |
Objectives of the Study |
|
02. |
Methodology of the study |
|
03. |
Literature Review |
|
04. |
Findings of the Study |
|
4.1 |
Role of Prime Minister Shiekh
Hasina: Regime Analysis |
|
4.2 |
Leadership Skills of Prime
Minister Sheikh Hasina |
|
4.3 |
Development
and Achievement of Sheikh Hasina’s Leadership |
|
4.4 |
World Recognition of Prime
Minister Shiekh Hasina |
|
4.5 |
Challenges
of Current Leadership |
|
|
|
|
05. |
Chapter- Five Conclusion and Recommendations |
|
|
Conclusion |
|
|
Suggestions
to way out of challenges of leadership |
|
|
|
|
|
References |
Chapter -One Introduction |
1.1 Introduction
Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina as successfully completed the second consecutive term of office as the prime minister and is optimistic about the third. It has set a new record in the history of the constitutional government in Bangladesh after the resurrection of democracy in December 1990. However, the state of democracy, human rights and the rule of law which were driven to extinction after the 1975 August tragedy, could not have a healthy revival in 1990s with BNP in the ascendency for, they failed to live up to the expectations of the 1990 Mass Uprising. It is, however, none but Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina who supplemented the post-1990 democracy by ensuring good governance and development as she was voted to the position of trust for the first time in 1996. She succeeds not only in completing her terms as the premier but also in preparing grounds for the next general election to be held under the incumbent constitutional government. The success of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina is nothing less than a miracle. She has developed the country almost from nothing. That the least developed country, Bangladesh is now a developing country is but Hasina’s contribution to development. Her first term of office as the Prime Minister (1996 to 2001) was a warm up phase after years of decay and deadlock caused by the assassination of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. It, however, faltered as the BNP-Jamaat alliance took over and unleashed a reign of corruption, violence, extremism and religious militancy that lasted for the Begum’s full tenure (2001—2006). Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina once again appeared as the saviour of the country, came up with his party’s manifesto— the 23- Point Charter for Change—Vision 2021 and swept to landslide victory in the 9th Parliamentary Election on 29 December 2008. She took up the reins of office as premier for the second time and made the country rise like a phoenix from the ashes of ruination. The journey continued and is still continuing against all the odds. However, currently she leads the country for the third consecutive time after the 11th parliamentary election of 30th December, 2018. Now, the country moves smoothly towards the achievement of vision 2021 (Digital Bangladesh) and drift the seeds of achieving the vision 2041. Nonetheless, in this study, we have tried to discuss the leadership skills of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina under the paramount of her achievement, recognition as well as development.
1.2 Background of the Study
Sheikh Hasina, the Prime Minister of the People's Republic of
Bangladesh assumed the office on 07 January 2019 for the fourth time after her
party Awami League-led grand alliance won the December 30, 2018 11th
Parliamentary elections.
Sheikh Hasina’s biography
|
Known As |
Sheikh Hasina Wazed |
|
Birthday |
September 28, 1947 |
|
Nationality |
Bangladeshi |
|
Age |
71 Years, 71-Year-Old Females |
|
Born In |
Tungipara Upazila |
|
Height |
1.35 M |
|
Political Ideology |
Awami League |
|
Designation |
Honorable Prime Minister Of Bangladesh |
Family background
|
Spouse/Ex |
M. A. Wazed Miah
|
|
Father |
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
|
|
Mother |
Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib |
|
Sibling |
Sheikh Kamal |
|
Children |
Saima Wazed Hossain Putul, Sajeeb Wazed |
|
Ideology |
Democrats |
Sheikh Hasina Wazed and her family have played a
nominal role in the politics of Bangladesh. From an early age, she was exposed
to the political chaos and violence going on in her home country. The countries
political affairs were so unstable that in 1971 Bangladesh separated completely
from Pakistan, an event in which her father played an integral role. The
atmosphere was so dysfunctional that the resulting political discord left
Sheikh no choice but to leave the country for a few years. Upon her return, she
became completely dedicated to changing the country from one of violence to one
dedicated to democracy. Before her interference, elections were often rigged,
voting was not guaranteed or even counted properly, and the country was so
volatile that those who opposed the government were often jailed, exiled, or
even murdered. Through this amazingly strong woman’s dedication, Bangladesh has
significantly improved becoming less violent, more democratic, and allowing
more civil liberties than ever before. Women have been given a voice in
politics thanks to her interest in women and children’s rights. This leader is
a survivor in all senses of the word, and she continues to strive for a better
life for her and her fellow Bangladeshis as current Prime Minister.
1.3 Childhood & Early Life
This leader was born on September 28, 1947, into a life
of turmoil and violence. Her father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was integral in the
movement to separate Bangladesh from Pakistan and also became the first
President of Bangladesh.
While simultaneously studying at the University of
Dhaka in the 1960s, she worked as her father’s political liaison while he was
imprisoned.
On August 15, 1975, she was met with unfortunate
tragedy. Her father, mother, and three brothers were all murdered in their homes
by military officers. As a result, she went into lonely exile for the next six
years.
1.4 Career
In 1981, she returned to Bangladesh and became a
strong advocate for democracy. She was elected to lead the ‘Awami League Party’
in February. Unfortunately, her unpopular opinions put her under house arrest
or in prison for most of the decade.
In 1990, through a constitutional process, she offered
General Ershad, who had gained power through a coup and led though martial law,
a 24-hour ultimatum which ultimately led to him to quit.In the elections that
followed, her party, the ‘Bangladesh Nationalist Party’ (BNP) convinced the
government to change from one of complete executive control to one where the
Parliament was supreme and the executive party more accountable.
Her next task was to create an equal voting process.
Prior to her pushing voting as a basic human and political right in 1996,
elections were generally falsified through selective voting lists,
predetermined votes, and a slanted counting process. An amendment for neutral
and free elections was passed the same year. On June 23rd, 1996, she was
elected and sworn in as the second female Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
Throughout her term, the country continued to be in political, often violent,
chaos.
In 2001, she lost the election and political turmoil
only got worse. There were violent protests and strikes, grenade attacks, and
extreme political unrest. She led the party opposing the government for the
next seven years.During her tenure in the opposition she became the target of
an assassination attempt in 2004. The grenade attack aimed at her resulted in
the death of 21 fellow ‘Awami League’ members.
In 2007, the government declared a state of emergency
and further cancelled parliamentary elections. At the same time, Hasina was
arrested on charges of extortion and murder. She was not released until a year
later for medical concerns.
In 2009, she was elected as Prime Minister once again.
Like her first term, she was forced to confront major revolts and civil unrest.
She continues to serve as Prime Minister today after winning again in 2014. She
remains dedicated to creating a government in which democracy and civil
liberties can flourish. In 2019, further she is elected as the 4th
consecutive Prime Minister in Bangladesh under 11th Parliamentary
Election in Bangladesh (30th December, 2018)
1.5 Personal Life & Legacy
She married in 1968 to a prominent Bengali scientist,
M.A. Wazed Miah. Together the couple had one son and one daughter.
Her son, Sajeeb Wazad, follows her footsteps remaining
active in the ‘Awami League’. It is rumored his net worth is over $1 billion,
making him one of the richest men in Bangladesh.
1.6 Objectives of the study
The prime objectives of this study paper is to identify the leadership skills of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina
Other objectives are following –
·
To
discover the essential qualities of leadership of Sheikh Hasina
·
To
catch out the development under the leadership of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina
·
To
find out the achievement under the
leadership of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina
·
To
analyse the recognition of the leadership of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina
·
To
identify the Challenges of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina’s Leadership
·
To
find the way out of Challenges of leadership of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina.
Chapter -Two Methodology |
2. The methodology of the Study
We have used the qualitative methodology in this study. The study has been conducted on the basis of secondary sources of data collection.
Secondary Sources: In this study, the secondary data has been collected from the newspaper, articles, books, journals and from other relevant things about the leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.
|
Secondary Sources |
Journals on leadership skills of Prime Minister
Sheikh Hasina.
|
|
Articles
on leadership skills of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. |
|
|
Relevant
newspaper of leadership skills of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. |
|
|
Relevant
Publications of leadership skills of
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina |
|
|
Relevant
websites that included issues of leadership skills of Prime Minister Sheikh
Hasina |
|
|
Others |
Chapter -Three Literature Review |
3. Literature Review
Generally,
leadership is the process of exercising power to influence others. On the other
hand, Leadership is a
process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and
directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.
Northouse
(2003: page 3) defined,
“leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of
individuals to achieve a common goal. From the above definition of the term one
can understand that it includes the process by which individuals influence
others. The outcome of the process is nothing but achieving a common goal
through the commitment and willingness of both leaders and followers”. Above
all, it is about working with and guiding people in new directions; it is about
integrity and trust; achieving the most positive interaction between leaders
and followers, customers, employees, shareholders etc.
There are some essential qualities of a leader. An
effective leader with quality leadership will always perform the best and set
an example for members from other organization’s practices. The qualities of an
effective leadership may vary from person to person based on the context in
which he was brought up and moulded. Thousands of articles and books have been
published describing what it takes to be an effective leader and its respective
qualities and skills. Some researchers and authors claim an effective leader
possesses certain traits or abilities; others say it is all personality; still
others maintain it is the behaviour--not necessarily the intentions or
thoughts—that are crucial. Moreover, qualities of an effective leadership vary
based on the area of operation and expertise. Accordingly, the leadership
qualities of political person, religious leader, military leader, and sportsman
or business leader vary from one another based on the area of operation and the
expertise required for each of them. Whatever our viewpoint, an effective
leaders meet the qualities of Competence (leader must be seen by his followers
being an expert in our field or an expert in leadership), accountability (responsibility,
answer-ability, blameworthiness, liability of leader), Openness/Integrity (to
accept change or new idea), Language/Relationships (communication with others),
Values/Community (core belief what is right and fair in terms of one’s actions
and interactions with others), Perspective/Balance (ability to see the world
from different angles), Power/Influence (the way the leaders behave emanate
from the principles on which organizations are crafted), Humility (should
understand that he is just a leader and not the owner of his people)
In the context of this study, let we know about our Prime Minister Sheikh
Hasina. Sheikh Hasina Wazed (28 September 1947) is a
Bangladeshi politician serving as the 11th Prime Minister of Bangladesh,
having held the office since January 2009 to present. She is the longest
serving prime minister in the history of Bangladesh. She is the daughter of
Bangladesh's first President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Her political career has spanned more than four decades. She previously served
as opposition leader from 1986 to 1990 and
from 1991 to 1995,
as Prime Minister from 1996 to 2001,
and has been leading the Bangladesh Awami League since
1981. In 2008,
she returned as Prime Minister with a landslide victory. In January 2014,
she became Prime minister for
a third term in an unopposed election, in an election boycotted by the
opposition and criticised by international observers
Under the leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina,
Bangldesh is now going tremendously. In the last 10 years, Bangladesh has come
a long way on the road of development because one politician has kept her
biggest promises and pledges to the people. In 2008, the yet-to-be Prime
Minister Sheikh Hasina talked of ‘Vision 2021’ in her ‘Manifesto of Change’
(Din Badaler Ishtehar), an aspiration to turn our country into a middle-income
country by 2021. As a skilled leader, Sheikh Hasina has taken some glorious
initiatives to make the country develop and sustain economy and welfare.
Prime Minister Sheikh
Hasina promised to build a ‘poverty and
hunger-free’ Bangladesh in 2008. The poverty rate has now declined to 23.9
percent from 31.5 percent in 2010 and the extreme poverty rate has been reduced
to 12.9 percent from 23.6 percent. While reduced to numbers, this may not mean
much to those of us living in relative comfort anyway, in real human terms, for
millions of our fellow countrymen, this means not having to beg for food, not
having to give up their children or sacrifice their dignity.
Bangladesh is now almost self-sufficient when it comes to
producing its own food grains, despite its decreasing land resources and huge
population. Within a decade, food grain production has been increased from 27.2
million metric tonnes to 40 million metric tonnes. There used to be a term
called ‘Monga’, famine due to seasonal joblessness, which used to plague our
northern parts. We don’t hear that anymore.
The prime minister committed to provide electricity to every
household by 2021. By boosting Bangladesh’s power generation capacity from
4,942MW in 2009 to 20,000MW, 90 percent of the people have been brought under
electricity coverage. With 56 more power plants now under construction having
combined capacity of producing 14,134MW and diversification of energy options
such as LNG, nuclear (eg the Rooppur Nuclear Power Project) and solar (4.5
million off-grid solar home systems coupled with several grid-connected solar
power plants) suggests that 100 percent electricity coverage by 2021 seems like
a very realistic and achievable goal.
Keeping in line with her party’s line of inclusive
development and social justice, Hasina invested heavily on human development.
In 2009, the value of our Human Development Index (HDI) was 0.535, it is now
0.608 according to the UN Human Development Report (HDR) 2018. Moreover,
Bangladesh is now categorized as a ‘Medium Human Development’ country. For the
last ten years, Bangladesh has steadily improved its position in every annual
HDI. This improvement is due to the fact that Bangladesh is investing in, and
reaping benefits from, greater focus on education, health and skills
enhancement. This is coupled with the current government’s social justice
emphasis on women empowerment, children’s development, not leaving the marginalized
like the Hijras behind and enhanced social security protection.
Bangladesh has also witnessed commendable progress over the
last decade in such areas as communications infrastructure development. Apart
from converting 465 km of highways into four-lanes and constructing numerous
flyovers in major cities, several mega projects have been undertaken including
the Padma Bridge and Dhaka Metro Rail. All kinds’ developmental initiatives are
taking under decent and skilled leadership quality of Sheikh Hasina. She has
also taken some milestone initiatives for the betterment of our country
Besides, there are number of challenges of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina. She is a charismatic political leader primarily because of her uncanny skills in making serious political decisions with unerring accuracy. When the major 20-party opposition alliance led by BNP boycotted the 10th national election, Sheikh Hasina did not make any mistake in taking the right decision in right time. She stubbornly persisted to cling to the constitutional continuity and held the national election as per the schedule of the Election Commission. It was later proved unquestionably that she was absolutely correct and the opposition who boycotted the election was totally rejected by the Bangladeshi people and the international communities as well. When the World Bank refused to fund the Padma Bridge and even when many cabinet ministers including the finance minister tried to dissuade Hasina to go on with the Padma Bridge, she made the dashing decision to carry on with the Padma Bridge on the own. Now the physical infrastructure of the Padma Bridge has begun to be visible giving legitimacy to Hasina’s boldly unilateral decision.
Sheikh Hasina is a rare breed of supremely courageous leader who dauntlessly stands before the raging storm imbued with the spirit of Liberation War. Trying the war criminals of 1971 was the boldest ever initiative taken by her after the War of Liberation. Not bowing down to any internal and external pressure, she went on with her mission in fulfilling her avowed commitment to the nation. Thus executing her most challenging commitment, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has gone down in history being a leader of world stature.
Being a successful manager of the affairs of the state,
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina ensured peace and stability in the country through
her consummate tactical skills in neutralizing the destabilizing forces and eliminating
the potential threats of subversion and extremism. Showing zero tolerance to
religious fanaticism and fundamentalism, Sheikh Hasina has triumphantly upheld
the basic principle of secularism declared in our constitution. In fact, the
long uninterrupted spell of stability during her tenure obviously makes up the
exclusive chemistry of her development vision
Chapter -Fourth Findings of the Study |
4.1.
Role of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina:
Regime Analysis
Sheikh
Hasina’s political career was started in 1986 as the opposition party against parliamentary elections held under President Hussain Mohammad Ershad.
She
served as the leader of the opposition in 1986–1987. She led an eight party alliance as
an opposition against Ershad. Hasina's decision to take part in the
election had been criticized by her opponents, since the election was held
under the martial law, and the other main opposition group, led by Khaleda Zia,
boycotted the poll. However, her supporters maintained that she used the
platform effectively to challenge Ershad's rule. Ershad dissolved the
parliament in December 1987 when Hasina and her Awami League resigned from the
parliament in an attempt to call for a fresh general election to be held under
a neutral government. During November and December in 1987, mass uprising
happened in Dhaka, several people were killed including Noor Hossain, a
Hasina supporter.
However, in the context of this study paper, only we have
analyzed the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s regime under different political
session. In the history of Bangladesh, she is only the 3th consecutive Prime
Minister of Bangladesh. Let’s, analyze her political regime.
4.2 First term as Prime Minister,
1996–2001
After the completion
of Begum Khaleda Zia’s regime (1991-1996), a general election was held on
15 February 1996. The
election was boycotted by all major parties except the ruling Bangladesh Nationalist
Party who won all the seats in the parliament as a result. Hasina described the
election as a farce.
The new parliament,
composed mostly of Bangladesh Nationalist Party members, amended the
constitution to create provisions for a caretaker government (CTG). The next
parliamentary elections on 30 June 1996 were
held under a neutral caretaker government headed by retired chief Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman. Bangladesh Awami
League won the largest number of seats, 146 seats.
Sheik Hasina Wazed
served her first term as prime minister of Bangladesh from 1996-2001. She
became the first Bangladeshi Prime Minister since its independence to complete
the entire term.
4.3 Second term as Prime Minister, 2009–2014
On 6 November 2008,
Hasina returned to Bangladesh to attend the Ninth National Parliamentary
Elections 2008 scheduled for 29 December 2008 and
decided to participate in the parliamentary election under the name of "Grand Alliance" with the Jatiya
Party led by Hussain Muhammad Ershad as its main
partner. On 11 December 2008, Hasina formally announced her party's election
manifesto during a news conference & vowed to build a "Digital Bangladesh" by 2021.
Her Bangladesh Awami
League and its Grand Alliance (a total of 14 parties) won the general election held on 29
December 2008 with a two-thirds majority numerically the party controls 230
seats out of 299. But Khaleda Zia leader of BNP-led coalition (4-Party
Alliance) rejected the results of the election by questioning the Chief
Election Commissioner "for stage-managing the parliamentary election". Finally
Hasina was sworn into office as the Prime Minister for the second time on 6
January 2009. Independent observers declared the elections were held in a
festive and peaceful atmosphere. After being Prime
Minister, Hasina reneged on her agreement with Jatiya Party to make Hussain Muhammad Ershad as President.
Hasina removed many
of her party politicians who supported reforms forced by the previous caretaker
government. She had to confront a major national crisis in the form of
the 2009 Bangladesh Rifles revolt over
a pay dispute and resulted in 75 deaths including Bangladesh Army
officers. Some Bangladesh Army officers blamed Hasina for the deaths by
not sending in the Army earlier. In 2011, the Parliament removed the law
that required non-party Caretaker government hold elections. In 2012, she
maintained a hard line stance and refused to allow entry to Rohingya refugees
fleeing Myanmar during
the 2012 Rakhine State riots. On 27 June 2013, a case against Hasina and 24
other Bangladeshi ministers and security personnel was lodged at the International Criminal Court. She
has been "credited internationally" for the achievement of some of
the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.
4.4 Third term (2014–2019)
Hasina became the
Prime Minister for the third time after winning the general election in January
2014 which was boycotted by the main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party
led alliance. The election have been called "an electoral
farce". The Bangladesh Nationalist Party led by Khaleda Zia wanted
the elections to be held under a neutral caretaker government and had hoped to
use protests to force the government to do so.
In March 2017,
Bangladesh's first two submarines were commissioned. In September 2017,
her government gave temporary shelter and aid to about a million Rohingya refugees
and urged Myanmar to
end violence against Rohingya Muslim. The majority of the Bangladeshi people
supported the government decision to provide refugee to Rohingya. Hasina
received credit and praise for her actions.
Hasina supported
calls to remove the Statue of Justice in
Bangladesh Supreme Court. With some people saying the government was bowing
down to the pressure of those who have used religion for political ends. Hasina
is a Patron of Asian University for Women, led by
Chancellor, Mrs. Cherie Blair, and including the First Lady of Japan,
HE Akie
Abe, as well as Irina Bokova, the Director-General of UNESCO.
4.5 Fourth term (2019–present)
Hasina won a fourth
term after her party, Bangladesh Awami League, won 288 of the 300 parliamentary
seats. It is her third consecutive term, the leader of the main opposition
party, Kamal Hossain, declared the vote "farcical"
and rejected the results. Before the election, Human Rights Watch and other rights organizations
had accused the government of creating an intimidating environment for the
opposition. The New York Times Editorial board
described the election as farcical, the editorial stated that it was likely
Hasina would have won without vote rigging and questioned why she did so.
4.6. Leadership
Skills of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's active leadership
quality in in Bangladesh are following-
v Defining
outcome in terms of sustainable economic, social, environmental benefit:
The greatest success of the
greatest leader led by sheikh Hasina in terms of economic &social benefit
was making Bangladesh self-sufficient in food by overcoming hunger and poverty.
This sufficiency is the prime conditions for good governance of a country.
Example: The highest emphases were laid on agricultural sector. Fertilisers at convenient costs and electronic supply to farmers were ensured under sheikh Hasina's firm leadership. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's government launched allowances for widows and elderly people to eradicate poverty during 1996 to 2001. Food and agricultural organisation (FAO) awarded ceres medal to Sheikh Hasina for dedicated endeavours to terminate hunger and poverty.
v Determining
the interventions necessary to optimize the achievement of intended outcome: Sheikh Hasina's strong leadership intervention to
optimize achievement of outcome.
Example:
Achievement led by sheikh Hasina Government was to sign the Chittagong Hill Tracts
Peace Treaty on 22nd December in 1997 which restored peace and stability across
the hill districts and expedited development for all the people living in
Chittagong Hill Tracts. Sheikh Hasina was awarded the UNESCO peace prize for
accomplishing the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Treaty
v Strong commitment to integrity, ethical values and rule of law: Rule of law is ensured under the leadership of sheikh Hasina Government.
Example: War criminals have been punished and Bangladesh fight against militancy and terrorism in recent years has been lauded globally. The securing forces have conducted about 70 percent across the country, successfully killing at least 83 militants.
v Openness
& comprehensive stakeholder government
The qualities of openness
and comprehensive stakeholder government of Sheikh Hasina’s government also
change her strategy to cope with the global context
Example: "Vision of digital Bangladesh” The concept of
digital Bangladesh was first floated by the ruling Hasina governments in its
2021 manifesto before the 2008 general Declaration. To make it reality, the
government has come forward with innovative ideas and been jointly working with
stakeholders.
v Developing
the capacity of the entity including the capability of its leadership & the
individual within it:
Example:"Ekti Bari Ekti Khabar " project of poverty alleviation at rural or root level. It proves the capability of a leader like sheikh Hasina. This project is the direct options to develop the capacity of rural poor individual within it. Another example is the construction of first metro rail (MTR line service is underway. It is expected to be opened for the passengers travelling from Uttara to Agaargaon in 2019 while the rest will be opened in 2020.
v Implementing
good practice since transparency & reporting to deliver effective accountability:
For ensuring good governance
the effective leadership sheikh Hasina Government ensure the good practices of
transparency and effective accountability.
Example: Right to information act 2009 is a great example for ensuring transparency under great leadership of Sheikh Hasina.
v Managing
risk & performance through internal control & strong financial
management:
Our leader sheikh Hasina has
taken the risk to construct various costly infrastructure projects by own
financing. Massive infrastructure development is the major preconditions of
good governance and Hasina's government gained success on it under her strong
leadership.
Example: For Hasina's strong leadership, it is possible to construct Padma Bridge where the whole world said it is impossible to make the bridge. Padma multipurpose bridge project, which has already been finished 50% and is expected to be opened for traffic within December 2019.
v
Women empowerment :
Women empowerment is another
remarkable success of Sheikh Hasina Government. This is for the first time in
post-independence Bangladesh that the largest numbers of women have been made
to hold high offices. The Nobel laureate Amarta Sen affirms that Bangladesh is
ahead of India by all indexes of gender equality and empowerment. The
Government adopted a national policy on women empowerment, and tried to bring
about a radical change in their social and legal status by implementing it.
Example: Prime
Minister Sheikh Hasina has been awarded the Lifetime Contribution for Women
Empowerment Award on the occasion of International Women’s Day
v
Visionary:
Sheikh Hasina is a visionary leader of 160 million
people of Bangladesh. She has explored endless possibilities in her country and
its people. She has come to realise that the prime concern of today’s world is
not the size of a country but its population. The main reason for the
development of India and China is their population. She knows it full well if
we can turn our 160 million people into human resources, we won’t have to look
back. The chief motto of her development policies is the human resource
development.
v
A leader of humanity:
End of 2017 Sheikh Hasina was proclaimed "Mother
of Humanity" by the British media which was instantly endorsed by rest of
the world. She got this extraordinary title for allowing nearly one million
Muslim Rohingya refugees to take shelter in Bangladesh fleeing from barbarous
military persecution in the Buddhist majority Myanmar. Sheikh Hasina earned
support of the world leaders by saying that her government would give shelter
and feed.
Example: Minister Sheikh Hasina has been conferred with the
prestigious ‘International Achievement Award’ and the ‘2018 Special Distinction
Award for Outstanding Leadership’ for her humanitarian and responsible policy
in hosting the Rohingyas
4.7 Development
and Achievement of Sheikh Hasina’s Leadership
Development is conceived to be anchored on multiple pillars, which are to evolve concomitantly on the factors, namely, economic, social, cultural, technological, industrial, political, international relationships, women development, environmental and so on. Before, democracy, good-governance, and sustainable policy as well as good leadership also the prerequisite of development on any country. As a democratic country, the current leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, has played a significant role to ensure the all kinds of development under her leadership skills.
In the context of this study, we have analyzed the current development of Bangladesh under the good-leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina from the good-governance and democratic point of view.
4.8 Development of Governance
system
During the last couple of decades, various aspects of “good governance” have been introduced into national strategies and plans in various ways for promoting equity and enhancing the quality of life of the people and putting due importance to their expectations from the state. Although there are governance deficits by global standards, Bangladesh has made gradual but definitive progress in recent years to rise from the bottom of global ranking to become within the bottom 25 countries according to the Corruption Perception Index. Since corruption inflicts high costs on growth and discourages investment, the government is committed to building accountability and transparency mechanisms to check it.
The
Right to Information Act 2009 has created an enabling environment for the
people to assert their claim on public information. As part of Police Reform
initiatives, the government has set up 35 Model Thanas (police stations) in the
country in the first phase in 2011-2012, which have help-desks for people
seeking information or assistance. Two Women Investigation Centers have been
set up which are providing special assistance to women in recording cases on violence
against women. Their work is being supplemented by two Victim Support Centers
in the country.
Currently,
the police stations are being enabled to respond to public services on-line as
part of the Digital Bangladesh agenda. People can now register “general diary
(GD)” online without reporting to the police station. . The online service is
available in relation to such matters as reporting loss or theft of
certificates, ID cards, documents or security checks on guards, domestic
workers, caretakers or problems with tenants. Police reforms need to be
continued to make it more people-friendly and efficient enforcers of law and
order, protecting the good people and punishing the violators of law.
The
banking sector has been functioning fairly well. However, the stock market went
through some free falls, which have some destabilizing effects on the financial
market and the lives of the people who invest, particularly the small
investors, in the stock market as well. This has severely eroded the confidence
of the investors in the stock market. The government has lately carried out
some reforms in the banking sector and stock exchange in order to bring
stability. It remains to be seen how effective the reforms are over medium and
long run. The recent opening of nine new banks is based on the argument that
the expanding economy will be better served with the addition of the new banks.
It remains to be seen how things shape up.
Public
Administration reform is another contentions area. There are two sides to the
prevailing situation. It is perceived that the bureaucracy remains entrenched
and does not respond to changing needs of an expanding and more equitable
economy. On the other hand, it is contended that the civil administration is
politicized given that promotion and transfers are not always merit based. It is also perceived that they are tainted by
rent seeking. More need to be done in this area of reform, and the government
is committed to doing so
4.9 Strengthening Democracy
Some
reforms have been brought forth over the years to strengthen the Parliament. To
make Parliament more effective, Parliamentary Standing Committees were
constituted on various sectors, composed of MPs from both the treasury and opposition
benches. In the current Parliament, chairs of the committees have been drawn
from the opposition and from various parties in the grand alliance other than
the main ruling party, the Bangladesh Awami League.
Local
government elections were held for the first time in 18 years, bringing new
interest at the local level in matters of decision making. More reforms will be
carried out to make local government at the upazila level functional with
capacities built for effective local governance including planning and
financial management
4.10 ICT for the People and the Role of Media
Information Communication Technology (ICT) has
brought about a social transformation in Bangladesh from the grassroots to the centre
level. ICT in the rural areas started with the apprehension that it would be
too expensive for the poor who might not therefore gain access to this
technology. However, innovative marketing and adaptability of Bangladesh’s poor
to new technology has allayed that fear.
Introduction of cell phone and its widespread
expansion into rural areas has changed the lives of the poor people by opening
the door to instant communication, information gathering and doing away with
isolation. The middlemen have been eliminated. The farmer can now directly get
firsthand information on market prices from miles away. Happy mothers, wives
and children can talk to their menfolk working elsewhere, in the cities or in
distant lands. Cell phone banking is also now available.
The government has promulgated the Right to
Information Act in 2009, which has strengthened the hands of the people in
seeking information from government ministries and agencies as well as from all
other (private and non-government) relevant sources, which was a next to
impossible thing in the past, given the administrative red tape and corrupt
practices and the prevailing idea of protecting one’s own turf. Use of ICT is
currently being promoted in 500 village councils under the Local Government
Project.
4.11 Economic growth
It is the
economy which the Awami League showcases as its biggest success. Bangladesh's
strong economic growth will not just continue, but accelerate. There are number
of indicators of economic development such as per capita income, GDP growth
rate, standard of living, HDI rank etc.
Among them five year plan is an important tools of economic development.
Bangladesh have passed its 6th Five Year Plan. Among the 6th
Five Year plan, Awami League government have developed the 3rd, 5th,
6th and 7th Five Year Plan. Those plan are the pre-requisite
for ensuring the development of Bangladesh. Currently, the Prime Minister of
Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina took the initiative to explore the 7th Five
Year Plan. It is another milestone initiative of Sheikh Hasina Leadership.
The
7th FYP has been formulated with full recognition that the 'outlier' phenomenon
is not merely a blip on the development path but rather a sustainable
occurrence chartering a new development trajectory. Lauded as a 'Development
Surprise' by prominent international media, Bangladesh has emerged as a shining
example for countries throughout the world as it continues to defy traditional,
linear development models and innovate a novel, alternative pathway for
socioeconomic progress
The solid development performance under the 6th Plan suggests that the Government's development strategy is on track and the challenge for the 7th Plan is to build on the successes while taking further actions to address the areas of shortfalls. Importantly, the 7th FYP, spanning fiscal years 2016-2020 begins with the country having entered the ranks of middle income country.
v Sheikh
Hasina as a role model for Economic growth
Honourable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina is now being
viewed by global leader’s adapter role model for Economic growth.
Example: Bangladesh is now a middle income country.
GDP growth rate raised from 7.40 in 2018 to.
In 2019. Bangladesh also achieved the MDGS with significant performance
in many areas.
Bangladesh's long desired travel with developing
countries has started & gained international recognition. The committee for development policy made an
announcement on Bangladesh’s eligibility at the UN Headquarters. The criteria assessed for graduation is given
below:
|
|
Gross National Income (GNI) |
Human Assets Index
(HAI) |
Economic Vulnerability Index (EvI) |
|
Inclusion |
$1025 or below |
60 or below |
36 or above |
|
Graduation |
GNI per capita
$1230 or above income only $ 2460 above A |
66 or above |
32 or above |
|
Bangladesh score |
$ 1274 |
73.2 |
25.2 |
Table: Inclusion and graduation thresholds 2018 and Bangladesh
score
4.12 Foreign Affairs
2016-19 has been a milestone for Bangladesh’s international
affairs. This year, Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Bangladesh and signed
26 deals ranging from trade to anti-terrorism cooperation. The US Foreign
Minister of the Obama government, John Kerry also visited Bangladesh. During
his visit, Mr. Kerry praised Awami League government’s effort to eliminate
militancy and terrorism. He reiterated his country’s promise to work with
Bangladesh in establishing peace and religious harmony in this area.
This year Bangladesh hosted the 9th summit of Global Forum
on Migration and Development where 600 representatives from 130 nations and 60
representatives from 30 civil society organizations and NGOs participated.
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina represented Bangladesh also in
the 71st session of United Nations General Assembly, Global Women Leader’s
Forum, G7 Outreach Summit, ASEM Summit, Budapest Water Summit, BRICS-BIMSTEC
Outreach Summit and Global Fund Replenishment Conference. The Forbes magazine
in 2016 listed Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in 36th position on the list of
World’s Most Powerful Women. The Fortune magazine places her in 10th on the
list of ‘World’s Greatest Leaders’.
" The Foreign Policy", an
influential periodical of the United States of America has stated Sheikh
Hasina, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh as one of the leading thinkers of the
world and has included her among 13 top thinkers in the category of
"decision makers" for creating substantive awareness against adverse
effects of climate change and its prevention. Bangladesh has been awarded with
glorious Women in Parliament (WIP) Global Forum Award 2015 for significant
success in attaining gender parity and empowerment of women in politics. In
2014 Honorable Prime Minister received the Peace Tree prize of UNESCO.
Bangladesh has achieved significant success in attaining Millennium Development
Goals. Participants from Bangladesh were elected Chairperson of the Executive
Committee of Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA), President of
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) Director General of International Mobile
Satellite Organization (IMSO) and member of Committee on the Elimination of
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 2014. In the same year Bangladesh
became the member of UN Human Rights Council, UNICEF Executive Board, Governing
body of International Labor Organization (ILO) and ITU council. In 2015
International Institute of Mother Language of Bangladesh received category II
status of UNESCO and Bangladesh took charge as the LDC Chair at the UN General
Assembly
4.13 Finance, Commerce and Planning
Average economic growth rate in the last three years was 6.5
percent. Besides per capita income has increased up to USD 1,752, reserve has
reached almost US Dollar 31 billion and foreign remittance stood at USD 16 billion.
The 7th Five Year Plan has been undertaken by the government. According to
experts, it’s a bold and visionary plan.
The national budget for FY2018-19 is ever largest than the
previous year and the Annual Development program expenditure for 2017-18 stands
at USD19.63 billion. By the end of 2018, the size of Bangladesh’s economy stood
at more than USD 15 billion (approximately). Earlier, Bangladesh earned USD 34.9
billion from export sector. In the first half of FY 2016-17, the country earned
USD 16.8 billion, 4.44% more than the same period.
According to a report of the World Bank titled 'South Asia's
Turn: Policies to Boost Competitiveness and Create the Next Export Powerhouse',
Bangladesh can become an export powerhouse at the level of its East Asian
neighbors by improving its business competitiveness and trade regime
4.14 Education
In the national budget for FY2018-19, education sector has
been awarded with the remarkable budget. The net rate of primary school
enrollment reached to 97.3 percent in 2018. The drop-out rate has reduced to
20.9 percent. A total of 36 crore 21 lakh 82 thousand and 245 copies of text
books have been distributed among 4.26 crore students in 2018 academic year.
With a view to building 'Digital Bangladesh, as announced by the Prime Minister
Sheikh Hasina, internet facilities have been introduced in field level offices
related to primary education including 55 Primary Training Institutes (PTI)
having a computer lab. Laptop, multimedia, internet modem and sound systems
have been supplied to 5 thousand and 430 primary schools.
To prevent drop-out of the poor students Taka 970.27 crore
has been distributed among 49 lakh 23 thousand and 485 students as stipends and
free studentship in 2017-18. Bangladesh achieved parity in the number of male
and female students in primary level in 2016, three years ahead of the
stipulated timeframe of the United Nations. It became possible as a result of
hard work and who e hearted effort of the alliance government.
Establishment of Technical schools in 100 Upazilas is going
on under a project to establish training schools in every upazila. 13.11
percent students got the opportunity to have technical education in the fiscal
year 2017-18. The academy will have two different dormitories, each with a
capacity to accommodate 100 autistic boys and girls. Welfare activities for the
autistic children of the country is going on with the sincere and hard work of
Saima Wazed
4.15 Health and Sanitation
The prospect of Bangladesh health sector is being reflected
in various indicators. Life expectancy has reached to 71.5 years. Child
mortality has reduced to 29 in per thousand live births. Maternal mortality has
also come down to 170 in per 100 thousand cases.24-hour health service in 64
district hospitals and 421 upazilla hospitals is available in number 16263 from
mobile.
In 2018, Bangladesh has been awarded by WHO for eradicating
the threat of Tetanus among mothers and children. To ensure quality services
for the poor patients, 10000 senior staff nurse were appointed at a time in
government hospital around the country. This has been the largest recruitment
in this sector. Bangladesh’s proposal on Autism and Neurodevelopmental disorder
has been adopted by WHO.Previously, Bangladesh exported medicine to 85
countries. In 2019 the number increased to 145 including UK and USA.
A number of hospitals in sub-district level are offering
evening services for the patients from remote areas. More than 50 thousand
patients have received service in this program. The expansion of the project is
experiencing
4.16 Social Welfare and Security,
Land for Landless, Women and Children Development
Total number of beneficiaries under Rural Social Service
(RSS) program is 24, 15,000. Government has initiated a program to distribute
rice costing 10 tk per KG. Five million family will receive 30 KG rice per
month under this program. Under Rural Maternity Center (RMC) Program for the
empowerment and economic emancipation of women 8,34,960 persons are getting
benefits from 318 programs in 64 districts.
In 2018, most of the allowance rates under social welfare
program have been increased. Old age allowance is now 500 tk/month and beneficiaries
increased to 31.5 million. Widow and destitute women allowance increased to 500
tk and 11.5 million rural women are now being benefitted from this program. In
FY 2018-19, Seven million USD has been allocated for physically challenged
students. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s special project ‘Ekti Bari EktiKhamar’
has been eradicating poverty through enabling rural people to create small
savings. Hundred branches of PalliShanchay Bank have been opened to monitor
this project further.
Under the project of rehabilitating the insolvent disabled
persons, 750,000 people are being benefitted. In 2018-19 budget, more than USD
78 million has been allocated for them at a rate of Tk 650 per month. Under the
second phase of Prime Minister special project, Ashrayan-2, twenty two thousand
families have been rehabilitated in 238 areas all over the country. Under the
whole project, 122 thousand families have received USD 12.294 million loan.
Ekti Bari EktiKhamar (One House One Farm) Project is one of
the eight innovative initiatives of the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to
alleviate poverty and to make the people of the country self-reliant. Besides,
the government is implementing various projects for poverty alleviation and
rural development. Char Livelihood Project-2, Integrated Rural Development
Program, Rural Housing (modern housing) Scheme, Economic Empowerment of the
Poorest (EEP), Extension Program of Milk Vita, Construction of Bangabandhu
Academy for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development etc. are among the
mentionable. At present the number of small scale agriculture based farm stands
at 18.72 lakh. The beneficiaries has transacted USD 326.19 million through
online which is a result of digital Bangladesh. 485 upazilas of 64 districts
are already covered by online transaction facility. Bangladesh Rural
Development Board (BRDB) has developed 1,99,688 societies and groups so far
wider its poverty alleviation program. 18,460 deep tube wells, 44523 shallow
tube wells, 19,405 power generated pumps and 2,73,000 hand generated pumps has
been distributed among the members of BRDB under irrigation project to boost up
agricultural production. Bangladesh Academy of Rural Development (BARD) has
trained up 3651 participants through 88 training programs and awareness building
workshops. About 2.5 lakh people directly and 1 million people are indirectly
benefitted in 28 upazilas of Kurigram, Jamalpur, Gaibandha, Bogra and Sirajgonj
district under Char Livelihood Scheme
4.17 Agriculture, Food and
Industry
The production of food in 2017-18 was 391.05 lakh metric
tons. To sustain the agricultural production subsidy of Taka 7,101 crore was
distributed among the farmers. With the vision to continue the progress in
agriculture sector, the Awami League government has allocated USD 1.14 billion
as subsidy for the farmers. A project of USD 31 million for mechanizing farms
is being implemented with the goal to complete in 2018. Taka 10.6 crore has
also been distributed to supply agricultural instruments in the marshland
areas. 70 high yielding verities of crops have been developed in last three
years that are disease resistant and can sustain against drought, flood and
salinity. It is now possible to yield sate crop production as the farmers are
encouraged to use natural fertilizer and pesticides.
Bangladesh exported 25 thousand metric tons of rice in Sri
Lanka, which is the first incident to export rice to any other country. A total
of 11 lakh 27 thousand metric tons of rice and 4 lakh 47 thousand metric tons
of wheat have been distributed under the public food distribution program. The
storage capacity of government warehouses has been raised to 2 million metric
tons. Government has also taken up a project to provide 500 thousand cylos in
family level. Average annual growth rate in the fisheries sector at present is
6.23 percent. About 1 crore 80 latch people lives on this sector. 35.48 lakh metric
tons of fish and shrimp were produced in 2017-18 using appropriate technology
to achieve vision 2021. In the last three years additional 15 thousand metric
tons of fish was produced and 1.61 lull metric tons of fish and fish products
have been exported earning Taka 9.5 thousand crore as foreign exchange.
Bangladesh stands fourth in the world in producing inland freshwater fish.
Bangladesh has been included as the pilot country in Blue Growth Economy. A project to establish Shahjalal Fertilizer
Factory has been taken with a yearly production capacity of 5 lakh 80 thousand
metric tons to meet the demand of urea
4.18 Power and Energy
The
utility electricity sector in Bangladesh has one national grid
with an installed capacity of 16,525 MW as of 13 September 2018. The total
installed capacity is 20,000 MW (combining solar power). Bangladesh's energy
sector is booming. Recently Bangladesh started construction of the 2.4-gigawatt
(GW) Rooppur Nuclear
Power Plant expected to go
into operation in 2023. According to
the Bangladesh Power Development Board in July 2018, 90 percent of the
population had access to electricity.
Electricity
is the major source of power for most of the country's economic activities.
Bangladesh's total installed electricity generation capacity (including captive
power) was 15,351 megawatts (MW) as of January 2017 and 20,000
megawatts in 2018.
Bangladesh
plans to set up the 2,400 MW power plant, the Ruppur Nuclear
Power Plant at Rooppur, Pabna
district, 200 km (120 mi) northwest of the capital Dhaka, by 2018.
Planned to go into operation by 2023, it will be the country's first nuclear
power plant. The plant will be built with an allocation of BDT 20,050 crore,
the highest allocation for a single project and over half of the 2018-2019
budget
4.19 Road, Rail, Water Transport and
Local Communication Infrastructure
The construction work of the main structure of Padma Bridge
has become visible. About 70 percent work of this fast track mega project has
been completed .The construction of the connecting road in Mawa section has
been completed. Hope, the construction work of Padma Bridge will be completed
in the end of 2019.
Besides, Preparatory work of 20-kilometer-long Metro Rail
from Uttara to Bangladesh Bank costing Taka 22 thousand crore has been done to
ease traffic congestion of Dhaka city. On June, 2016 HPM Sheikh Hasina
inaugurated the construction work. Another fast track mega project,
Dhaka-Chittagong four-lane highway has been completed and opened in July, 2017.
An agreement has been signed with the government of China to
make a 3.5 kilometer long tunnel under the bed of the river Kamaphuli in
Chittagong.Upgradation of 184 kilometer out of 198 kilometer of
Dhaka-Chittagong highway to four lanes has no far been completed. Six highways
comprising 227 kilometers have been developed in the Chittagong Hill Tracts
region. 35 kilometer long Thanchi-Ali kadam highway is now open for traffic.
Construction of many bridges including Kazin Bazaar Bridge on Surma river of
Sylhet, Seventh Bangladesh-China Friendship Bridge in Madaripur, Sheikh Russel
Bridge, Surma Bridge in Sunamganj, Birulia Bridge on Birulia-Ashulia road,
Arial Khan Bridge, Old Brahmaputra Bridge and Kolatoli Bridge has already been
completed.
Construction work of 61 kilometer double line with
modernization of signaling system in 11 stations from Laksham to Chinki Astana
has been inaugurated for the development of railway. Physical infrastructure
development of 64 kilometer double line from Tongi to Bhoirob Bazar, including
signaling system has already been completed. Besides process to procure 100
meter gauge and 170 broad gauge passenger coach is underway. The fast track
project of constructing a deep sea port at Payra, Patuakhali is at a furious
pace. Because of the growing demand, government opened the port at a limited
scale. The 142 million dollar project will be finished by the end of 2018.
Currently, only the ships with highest 9.5 meter draft can
anchor at the Chittagong port. To increase the ability to allow the ships with
more drafts, government is planning to build ‘Bay Terminal’ which will allow
larger ships to anchor in Chittagong Port. Already a deal has been signed to do
the feasibility study for the terminal
4.20 Expatriates Welfare and
Overseas Employment
In 2018, a record number of workers, more than 850 thousand labors
went abroad. The Present alliance government led by Prime Minister Sheikh
Hasina, has been able to prevent illegal and irregular migration. Illegal
migration of about 2 thousand Bangladeshi citizens was prevented last year due
to strengthened enforcement of the vigilance taskforce to check human
trafficking and illegal and irregular migration. Ministry of Expatriates'
Welfare and Overseas Employment, for the first time, has nominated 14
recruiting agencies to send safe and skilled worker in Singapore for building
construction sector. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been signed between
International Manpower Development Organization of Japan and the ministry to
send technical intern in Japan. Besides, related 4 technical agreements have
also been signed with Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training (BMET).
Construction of 24 Technical Training Centers has been completed under a
project of constructing 30 Technical Training Centers in different districts
(2. phase). Institute of Marine Technology (IMT) has been set up in Munshiganj,
Faridpur, Chandpur, Sirajgonj and Bagerhat district. ProbashiKalyan Bank has
disbursed migration loan among 9,513 out bound workers and rehabilitation loan
among 150 homecoming workers in 64 districts
4.21 Law
Bangladesh has taken up the initiative to make the country’s
judicial system digital. The first step has been taken jointly by the Supreme
Court and Bangladesh Computer Council in 10 Districts under a pilot project.
This project will enable the trial seekers to know about the court proceedings
and verdict of cases by mobile phone while staying at home. And the people
concerned with the trial process, between the higher court and the lower court,
could also complete their activities quickly by collecting information related
to the cases. It will also help to preserve records of the old cases and its
verdicts. A more advanced case management in online will also be introduced. In
the higher judiciary, mobile phone applications have already been launched,
which allow lawyers and litigants to get updates about cases on their mobile
phones. These app users are able to search for cases using individual case numbers,
party names, respondent names, and names of the advocates. In this regard,
e-governance has played a significant role
4.22 Environment and Forest
The Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina has been
awarded with Champions of the Earth Award in 2015 as recognition of government’s
effort to minimize effect of climate change. Approximately 45 thousand people
have been benefited as a result of the Sundarbans Environmental and Livelihood
Security Project (SELS) to create alternative employment opportunity. Sanctuary
and eco parks in different parts of the country and Green belt in about 2 lakh
hector area of coastal districts have been developed. 5 lakh families have come
under social forestry network. 8 Thousand Bio gas plants have been established
with 72 percent industries having ETP. 15 Latch modern cookers have been
distributed. Bangladesh, as a developing country is the first to develop a trot
fund from her own resource to cope up the effects of climate change
4.23 Home Affairs
During the visit of the Indian Prime Minister in Bangladesh
the Land Boundary Agreement (LBA), 1974 (Mujib-Indira Agreement) between
Bangladesh and India has been implemented. Instruments of ratification of the
LBA have been exchanged. The appointed day for the physical exchange of the enclaves
were set on 1 August 2015. As a result, Bangladesh received all the enclaves of
India inside Bangladesh and ceded all the enclaves of Bangladesh inside India
to India. This long standing issue has been resolved with the personal
initiative and hard work of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Additional 80 Border
Operation Post (BOP) has been constructed along with 527 BOP's with a view to
modernize the Border Guard Bangladesh and strengthen border security. About I core
25 latch Machine Readable Passports (MRP) and 2 lakh 50 thousand Machine
Readable Visas has been distributed including the nonresident Bangladeshis
4.24 Information
Construction work of 16 storied `Tothya Bhaban' (Information
Building) for Department of Films and Publications (DFP), Mass Communication
Department (MCD) and Bangladesh Film Censor Board, under Ministry of
Information, has been inaugurated to ensure better service and prompt action in
fast changing scenario. In line with the directions of the Prime Minister of
the alliance government, the construction work of government buildings is
progressing fast. A project for building Head Quarter for Bangladesh Television
has been implemented. Information Commission has conducted training courses for
8,878 designated officers, journalists, sub editors, sub inspectors and
teachers in the last three years and disposed of 557 complaints out of 587.
Another 30 such complaints are under process of disposal
4.25 Housing and Public Works
With the directives of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina,
Rajdhani Unnayan Kartipakha (RAJUK) has established 90 thousand apartments to
minimize accommodation problems under Uttara Model Town (Phase-3), Purbachal
New Town and Jhilmil housing project. Besides, The National Housing Authority
and Public Works Department has constructed 8881 flats to accommodate
government employees and to sell among the low and middle income groups. An
effort to construct 5,000 flats on shared basis in Kurail of the capital is
underway. Initiative to construct country's highest 130 storied building in
Purbachal as a symbol of national development and progress is also on
4.26 Civil Aviation and Tourism
Since 2016, the Cox’s Bazar Airport development project worth USD 151.45
million has been running in full swing. Under this project, increasing the
length of runway to 9000 feet from 6775 feet, breadth has been increased to 200
feet from 150 feet, installing air lighting system and purchasing fire fighting
vehicles have been going on. Building of a new 10 storied Parjatan Motel in
place of Hotel Soikot in Chittagong costing Mica 4302 lath is about to
complete. Construction of terminal 1 and 2, internal terminal, VVIP Complex,
control tower building and fire alarm and detection system of power house of
Hunt Shahjalal International Airport has been completed.
In 2019, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has also taken some
policies to ensure the security of tourist. For example, strengthening tourism
police
4.27 Textiles and Jute
Initiative
has been taken to frame Jute Law 2015, Jute Policy 2015, Textile Mills Law 2015
and Textile Policy 2015 to identify the present problems of jute and textile
sector. Use of jute bags for paddy, rice, wheat, maize, fertilizer and sugar
under 'Jute Packaging Act 2010' has been made mandatory to ensure the use of
environment friendly jute and jute products .
9.23 Defense
In
2016, two submarines have been added to Bangladesh armada. The submarines have
been named BNS Nabajatra and BNS Joyjatra respectively. Two frigate and one
corvette have also been commissioned to Bangladesh Navy this year.
With
the farsighted thoughts of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, Bangladesh Army
completed a project titled 'Construction of BMA Bangabandhu Complex, Bhatiary,
Chittagong' to update and modernize Bangladesh Military Academy in 2015.
Project entitled 'Construction of BAFA Bangabandhu Complex, Jessore' is under
implementation. 7 agro- meteorological observation posts have been constructed
under `Upgradation of Agro-Meteorological Services' project. 6 permanent GNSS/
GPS stations, Digital Mapping Unit (DMU) has been set up in Dhaka, Rangpur, Chittagong,
Khulna, Rajshahi and Moulvibazar under `Improvement of Digital Mapping System
of Survey of Bangladesh (Revised) Project'. Besides aerial photography of the
whole country has been completed and satellite image for international
boundary, coastal area and the Sundarbans have been purchased.
4.28 Liberation War Affairs
A
unique project to provide houses for the poor and injured freedom fighters has
been initiated. Under this project, Bir Nibash, 62 houses have been handed over
to the freedom fighters in Sylhet. The allowance for the freedom fighters has
also been increased. Currently, the general freedom fighters are receiving Tk.
10000 per month. An initiatives have been
also taken to raise the honorarium of freedom fighter from 10,000 to 12000 in
2019. The number of beneficiaries is now 200,000. From January 2017, among the
676 decorated freedom fighters, families of Bir Shreshthas will receive Tk. 30000
per month, Tk. 15000 for Bir Protiks, Tk. 25000 for Bir Uttams, Tk. 20000 for
Bir Bikrams have been allocated per month.
For
the war-wounded, deceased war-wounded and martyred families it has been
increased to minimum Taka 18 thousand to maximum 48 thousand considering their
state of disability. The introduction of honorarium for the veteran freedom
fighters and martyred freedom fighters is an epoch-making initiative of Prime
Minister Sheikh Hasina. 'Housing Project for the Landless and Insolvent Freedom
Fighters' has a provision to build 2,971 houses. Construction of 43 complexes
has been completed under 'Building Complex for Freedom Fighters in Every
District Project'. 81 complexes in different upazilas have already been
completed wader a project named 'Building Complex for Freedom Fighters in Every
Upazila'.
4.29 Religious Affairs
Islamic
Foundation Bangladesh has offered pre-primary and moral education to 1 lakh 50
thousand children, Quranic and moral education to 10 latch 29 thousand boys and
girls and literacy to 38 thousand 400 adults in the last three years. Besides
Talcs 42 crore 98 lakh and 86 thousand has been disbursed as assistance for the
reconstruction of different religious institutions and rehabilitation of the
destitute. Online Registration of the Haze Pilgrims has been introduced in
2015. Every Pilgrim is now notified by 6 SMS before the Hazz and bulletins and
information services through IVR system.
4.30 Cultural Affairs
15
eminent personalities have been awarded with 'Ekushey Padak' for their
invaluable contribution to the nation in different sectors. A MoU on cultural
activities between Bangladesh and Malaysia and three years cultural exchange
program between Bangladesh and India have been signed. Taka 2 crore 27 lakh has
been distributed among 1,025 libraries as grant from non-government libraries
development fund. Besides a grant of Taka 4 crore 86 lakh 15 thousand has been
granted against 1,174 cultural organizations from fine arts and theatre fund. .
4.31 Water Resources
192.42
kilometers of river have been dredged in the last three years. It includes test
dredging in 22 kilometer areas of river Jamuna under "Capital (pilot)
Dredging of River System in Bangladesh" project. Four cross bars have been
developed adjacent to Sirajgonj town by the dredged materials and about 16
Square kilometers of land have permanently been recovered. 1,4792 hectares of
land have been settled among 17,533 landless families under the settlement and
development projects in the coastal strips. .
4.32 Youth and Sports
As
a result of the affinity of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina for sports, cricket
has helped Bangladesh to raise its profile in international arena. Bangladesh
has successfully organized the World T-20 Bangladesh- 2014 and Asia Cup
Cricket- 2014. In last year, Bangladesh also played the Asia Cup Final against
India. And during the last 5 year Bangladesh cricket team played excellently
and achieved the recognition of direct qualification to play ICC World Cup
2019. Also in NIdhas Trophee in 2018 Bangladesh played wonderfully. Besides, Bangladesh became champion in the under-16
SAFF Football Championship defeating India and also became unbeaten champion in
the first round of World Hockey League. National Service Program has been
extended to 17 Upazilas of 17 districts and 14,718 persons have been employed
after training.
At a glance the, additional
leadership skills and development of PM Sheikh Hasina
·
Economic, social, cultural,
technological, political, and religious Development
·
Development of International
relationship
·
Five year planning
·
Achieve MDGs and continuing SDGs goals
·
Achieve Environmental sustainability
·
Ensure quality education
·
Ensure gender equity
·
Ensure rule of law
·
Ensure law enforcement agency
·
Develop bi-lateral and Multi- lateral
relationship
·
Infrastructural development
·
recognition as a developing country from
under developing country
·
Ensure vocational and technical
education
·
Development of Communication
·
Development of trade, business and
commerce
·
Ensure women empowerment
·
Develop per capita income
·
Ensure standard of living
·
Ensure private sector support as an
helping hand of government
·
Protection of Heritage site in
Bangladesh
·
Achieve UNESCO’s Recognition
·
Ensure accountability, humanity
·
Reduce Extra judicial killing
·
Reduce Terrorism
·
Ensure separation of Judiciary
·
Introduce Information Act 2009
·
Introduce citizen Charter
·
Ensure participation
·
Up gradation of local government
World Recognition of Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina as a Leader
Prime Minister
Sheikh Hasina is the most powerful leady of the world. She has gain the numbers
of recognition around the world. These are-
ü Planet
50-50 champion by UN-Women.
ü Agent
of Change Award by Global Partnership Forum.
ü One
of the Time 100 in
2018, where she was praised for accepting Rohingya refugees, but criticized for
"stumbling badly on human rights" and exhibiting a "tendency
toward authoritarianism" by presiding over a government that uses
extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances to quash criticism and
suppress political dissent.
ü 59th
place on Forbes' list of 100 most
powerful women in the world.
ü Degree
of Doctor of Law by
the Boston University on
6 February 1997.
ü Honorary Doctor
of Law by the Waseda
University of Japan on
4 July 1997.
ü Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy in Liberal Arts by
the Abertay University on
25 October 1997.
ü The Félix Houphouët-Boigny
Peace Prize by the UNESCO for
1998.
ü Mother
Teresa Award by the All India Peace Council in 1998.
ü M.K.
Gandhi Award for 1998 by the Mahatma M K Gandhi
Foundation of Oslo, Norway.
ü Awarded
Medal of Distinction in 1996-97 and 1998–99 and Head of State Medal in 1996-97
by the Lions Clubs International.
ü Honorary
Degree of 'Desikottama' (Doctor of Literature, honoris causa) by the Visva-Bharati University of West
Bengal, India on
28 January 1999.
ü The
Ceres Medal by the Food and Agriculture
Organization for 1999.
ü Doctor
of Law (honoris
causa), by the Australian National University on
20 October 1999.
ü Honorary Doctor
of Law by the University of Dhaka on
18 December 1999.
ü Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters by University of Bridgeport on
5 September 2000.
ü The Pearl
S. Buck Award by the Randolph
College on 9 April 2000.
ü Named Paul
Harris Fellow by the Rotary
Foundation.
ü Indira Gandhi Prize for
2009.
ü Doctor
of Literature (honoris causa) by the Tripura University in
January 2012.
ü UNESCO
Peace Tree award for her commitment to women's empowerment and girl's education
in 2014.
ü UN
environment prize for leadership on climate change.
ü Doctor of the University (Honorary)
by the Sher-e-Bangla
Agricultural University on 16 November 2015.
ü Doctor
of Letters (Honorary) by the Kazi Nazrul University, West
Bengal, India on
26 May 2018.
Challenges of Current Leadership
Surely, people's expectations were very high because the ‘grand
alliance' led by Sheikh Hasina promised a change, and a brighter and
forward-looking future.
Challenge to reform Anti-Corruption Commission, Public Administration, Police
and the financial sector
Reforms are needed to which the government is committed, in respect of the functioning of the Anti-Corruption Commission, Public Administration, Police and the financial sector. The aim of these reforms is to further enable these institutions to perform their responsibilities more purposefully and efficiently. The tasks involved are challenging, but the government is committing to fulfilling them.
v For example, the Anti-Corruption Commission is functioning as an overseeing body with limited resources. It will require capacity strengthening for investigation and improvement in other areas. The Justice Sector reform needs to continue further to improve access to justice of the poor and the disadvantaged.
Challenge to ensure Citizen Charter
As
part of the Public Administration reform process, the Citizens’ Charter
initiative was started in
2007
to improve the services to the people, ensure transparency, responsiveness and accountability
in public service. However, it is in the formative stage and will take some
more years to gain grounds in Bangladesh.
Challenge to ensure of effectiveness of national and local governance
In relating to governance, challenges include the issue of national government at the time of parliamentary elections, the role of the election commission, and the nature and effectiveness of national and local governance.
Challenges to ensure the Pledge before election
The
present government’s election pledge was to “bring services to the doorsteps of
the people”. It is another major
challenge of the current leadership of Prime Minister of Sheikh Hasina.
Challenges to provide High Speed Internet Connection
The government is going to provide high speed internet connections through fiber optic cables to the vast rural areas across all 64 districts by December 2013, which will link 1006 unions (lowest administrative tier) to the internet. These strategically located unions will relay the network to adjacent unions and villages, thereby fast-tracking Bangladesh into the “global village” of internet world. These e-centers will facilitate opening of bank accounts by villagers, enable them to receive remittances from relatives working anywhere in the world, facilitate students to receive examination results, provide market information to farmers and other services like digital photo shops It is additional challenge of the existing leadership of Prime Minister of Sheikh Hasina.
Challenges to ensure and sustain economic growth
In spite of some of the above successes, the economic growth rate experienced set back due to disasters like the mega cyclones Sidr and Aila in 2007 and 2009 as a result of the effects of global climate change. The combined effect of the two cyclones drove the GDP down by more than 1%.
Depreciation of the Taka is another Challenge
There has been a depreciation of the Taka against the US Dollar, which inflated the cost of imported goods. The economy has been facing a double-digit inflation for a year. The future challenge is to sustain the increasing trend in growth in the face of domestic and external shocks
Challenges of Unplanned rapid urbanization
Unplanned rapid urbanization has given rise to many problems. Rural-urban migration continues at a high rate due to limited job and economic opportunities in rural areas, giving rise to huge urban slums and creating pressure on the urban infrastructures, utilities, services and civic amenities. The population of the four metropolitan cities of Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi and Khulna has been burgeoning.
Shortage of power supply
Currently, shortage of power supply is a constraining factor in respect of expansion of productive capacity and utilization of existing capacity. The government is giving highest priority to this sector and, given the projects already undertaken for power generation and those that are planned to be undertaken, the situation is expected to improve substantially over the next one year or two.
Challenge to protect environment and climate
Untreated chemical wastes, which often contain heavy metals, are discharged into rivers, canals, wetlands and even agricultural lands, severely degrading them and causing health risks to people. This remains a challenge which the government intends to address seriously.
Shortage of energy supplies
Shortage of energy supplies is hampering the industrial expansion in the country. Since power is not available in much of the rural areas and is subject to load shedding where available, setting up of industries is discouraged. Also, industries in and around the urban centers of Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi face power shortages.
The government has initiated plans for increasing power generation in phases. On-shore exploration for gas is being intensifies; and offshore exploration is planned. Very recently, some oil reserve has been found in two places, the estimated reserve, if extracted, is enough to meet the total national demand for two years.
To control over industrialization and Infrastructure Development
Experience shows that good infrastructural development is not, often, followed-up by proper maintenance. Increased growth of traffic requires further improvement and regular maintenance of the roads and highways and rural arteries.
Challenges to improving the living conditions
The government is committed to improving the living conditions of the ethnic and other minorities and ensuring their rights. Although the process is still slow, it is expected that positive result will be achieved in the coming years. Internal migration of people is already a major factor due to loss of livelihood in certain rural areas, particularly due to climate change related increasingly frequent extreme climatic events.
Challenges of improving the environment
Bangladesh therefore needs to continue meeting the challenges of improving the environment that encourages further reduction in population growth, which will necessarily focus on those segments of population which still records higher growth rates. There is a slow progress in improving nutrition. Malnutrition affects two-fifths of children.
Challenges to increase the quality of education
Future challenges remain in relation to increasing the quality of education; proper training of teachers at the primary, secondary and higher secondary levels; making school environment attractive; and raising completion rates.
The number of schools, colleges and universities is also inadequate to meet the demand of the growing number of students. In the urban areas, this has led to the establishment of a lot of private schools, colleges and universities. However, the increasing rural demand for educational facilities calls for serious attention to be given to expand educational opportunities in rural areas. Bangladesh still has to overcome the challenge of increasing women’s tertiary level education from the current 39% against 61% for boys.
Challenge to strengthen of the process of engagement of civil society
Further strengthening of the process of engagement of the government with the civil society including CBOs, NGOs, and with local level institutions for mobilization of opinions from the grassroots is essential to promote sustainable development. It is obviously a challenging task, but has great potential in relation to the unleashing of social forces towards sustainable development. It is another challenge of PM Sheikh Hasina.
Environmental problems of the country
Industrial pollution;
illegal grabbing of land, wetland and even rivers; illegal felling of trees;
and demolition of hills are among the major environmental problems of the
country. These cannot be addressed effectively by the government alone. It
remains a challenge as to how all the wrong doers can be taken to task
Chapter -Five Conclusion and Recommendation |
- The on-going Police Reform initiative aims to transform the police into a modern, people friendly, Responsive, accountable and transparent force with adequate capacity building in crime control, investigation and management.
- The government continues to carry out fiscal and financial sector reforms with a view to supporting sustainable development.
- Efforts are continuing to make the local government effective through peoples’ participation, capacity building for local level planning and implementation of projects, and improvement of service delivery to the local level in the areas of health, education, etc.
- The government is committed to strengthening local governance by making the local government institutions autonomous in respect of administration and devolved responsibilities. These reforms are expected to be carried out in due course of time.
- The Local Government Support Project (LGSP) has demonstrated that, with improved accountability, planning and adequate resources deployed for local level activities, the efficiency and responsiveness of local service delivery can improve significantly. The future actions will relate to transfer of fund management to local level, institutionalizing accountability mechanisms, enhancing financial management skills and building effective capacities for monitoring and evaluation.
- A project will modernize all 8,500 post offices by introducing electronic services by 2015. Modernization of Bangladesh through ICT will continue in other sectors as well. It is expected that modernization will create paperless offices in the near future and reduce the cost of doing business.
- It will also bring about transparency in administration and record keeping. Already many GoB offices have started e-tendering to facilitate fair participation and outcome. This process will be extended.
- Digitization of land records and certification system will drastically reduce the false litigations related to land ownership and high public and private costs associated with those.
- The electronic media can be used effectively for advocacy and awareness raising on key national, regional and global and issues of national importance as well as about sustainable development to employ a people- centered integrated approach.
- Yet and despite a global financial meltdown and recession, the Bangladesh economy performed well in the last fiscal year, registering a 6.7% growth in GDP and 41% growth in its exports, compared to the recession in most of the developed world.
- The GDP growth is attributed to growth in agriculture, industries and service sectors and accumulation of capital and increase in effective labour (total factor productivity-TFP growth).
- The government has taken some measures to bring down the inflation. It has followed a contradictorily monetary policy and has sought to curb some non-essential imports and increased taxes on luxury goods like cars and others. This together with bumper harvest of crops has helped in checking the inflation. In May 2012, the trend seems to be reversing as inflation has come down to a single digit. The challenge will be maintain the lower trend.
- While high-tech sectors have important roles to play and should be supported, the government’s policy stance of promoting small and medium enterprises fits well with the economic realities in this still largely agricultural and rural country. This approach can help accelerate both economic growth and poverty reduction.
- The planned relocation of high risk industries like tanneries and cloth dying plants from the city of Dhaka to areas where the impact will be minimized is a step in right direction
- Towards increasing economic growth and to scale up poverty reduction through rapid industrialization and creation of employment, the government has planned to establish one Economic Zone (EZ) in each of the 7 divisions in the near term (next 5 year). It plans to establish 20 such zones across the country by 2021
- It is necessary that adequate allocations are provided in the Annual Development Programme (ADP) for the purpose of the maintenance work, which should be completed before the onset of the monsoon in the year it is done.
- Development of infrastructures and their proper maintenance in a planned way, in keeping with overall rural development plan, is extremely important in order to support and help enhance the increasingly visible activism and enthusiasm for economic and social uplift in rural sectors and, hence, sustainable development in the country.
- The government has been making larger allocations in the Annual Development Programme (ADP) over last 2/3 years for “social safety net” programmes addressing the poor, disadvantaged women, elderly and disadvantaged groups like the physically handicapped, beggars and others. These programmes are very helpful towards reducing hardships and hunger.
- Environmental problems of the country can be best done through a people’s process working with the governmental action. The government and civil society, media, and other actors need to focus more on removing the social menaces such as those listed above towards contributing to sustainable development in Bangladesh (Committee, 2012)
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